Personal Reflections
Digital Fluency is a key factor
When I first began this research, I saw technology, in particular social media usage, as a direct cause of increased social anxiety in young people. Much of the media narrative supports this: teens glued to their phones, withdrawing from in-person interaction, and suffering from constant comparison. However, when I researched the issue from the perspective of digital fluency — the ability to use technology confidently, critically, and responsibly. I learned that it acts like a protective buffer for online interaction and navigation. Individuals who are digitally fluent are not just consumers of content; they understand how to set boundaries, evaluate the credibility of what they see, and manage their online presence. Having these skills reduce feelings of overwhelm and anxiety. In contrast, those who lack digital fluency skills are more likely to feel powerless online, which can amplify social anxiety. This insight changed how I approached the “problem.” Instead of considering whether technology is good or bad for social anxiety? I started to consider how the level of digital fluency shapes someone’s experience with technology and online spaces. That shift led me to focus more on education and empowerment strategies.
Context and Intent of use matter
Another key discovery was how the context and intent of use of technology dramatically shape whether it has a negative or positive impact on social anxiety. Early in the research process, I focused primarily on the harmful effects: cyberbullying, social comparison, brain development, and higher levels of poor mental health outcomes. But as I explored further, I found studies showing that technology also provides valuable tools for social connection and emotional support, especially for those already dealing with anxiety. These spaces allow them to build relationships at their own pace, often with less pressure than face-to-face interactions. Allowing them to develop a sense of community and connection within the online world. However, unstructured, unsupervised, or excessive use can have a very different impact. Users may fall into comparison traps, feel judged by peers, or become addicted to online validation in the form of likes and comments, which can worsen anxiety symptoms. What stood out most during this phase of research was the importance of guidance and balance. Families that actively engage with their children’s online lives through acts of setting boundaries, encouraging open conversations, and modelling healthy digital habits tend to reduce the negative effects and utilise technology as a tool.